A Look At The History Of Askia

By: Hasanbayeva Roziyabanu Abdusalam

The art of Askiya appeared in ancient times and was mainly performed by men. In the past, men joked about each other’s faults at gatherings and gatherings. In this case, the person who did the askiya, knowing his opponent’s subtle side, used words that did not weigh heavily on him in the course of comparing him to something. The performer must be extremely careful when using each word or phrase so that the spoken word does not touch someone’s personality. In addition, the askiya player’s knowledge of life, skillful use of language, speech culture, facial, eye, hand, and body movements are important for both the meaningful and funny performance of the askiya. For this, the person taking part in the askiya competition must have rich life experience, a sharp mind, and have thoroughly mastered various aspects of human activity, the secrets of nature and social life, and at the same time, the richness of the Uzbek language.

“Askiya” is actually an Arabic word, and “zakiy” means a person with a sharp mind, a quick answer, an intelligent person. This art is very popular nowadays.

The term “Askiya” has been used among Uzbeks since the 17th century. Before that, the expressions “tell” and “joke” were used. In the 18th and 19th centuries, askiya developed especially in the Ferghana Valley and Tashkent.

In the 1937s, there was a shortage of water, so they drank poor water. As a result of this, people became blind, bald, deaf, and crippled with various diseases. They joked about these shortcomings as a joke. Askiya is always with life, changing, diversifying, enriching and developing. Currently, along with traditional askiyas, new askiyas have been created. Among them are such words as “Car”, “Tractor”, “Train”, “Football”.

It is necessary to distinguish between hobbyist and hobbyist. In entertainment, a single performer can show his skills or a group based on a certain script will present a theatrical scene. Askiya is an artistic argument between two or more people or a group on a certain topic. Currently, more than thirty types of the art of carving have been identified. These include payrov, kafiya, radif, bahri bayt, tutal, ochshatdim, legend, rabbia, safsata, sayshuv, chiston, lakab, gulmisiz, bolasimit, shirnikor and terma. Based on the above, askiya can be divided into 2 types:

1. Household askiya is widespread in Fergana, Andijan, Namangan regions and in the city of Tashkent in small circles where men gather, in gatherings in teahouses and gashtaks.
2. Stage Askiya – Fergana, Andijan, Namangan regions and the city of Tashkent have individuals, groups and teams engaged in professional Askiya.

Askiya art developed mainly in the Uzbek nation.  The uniqueness of Uzbek askiya, its level of art, the art of askiya has a long history of the Uzbek people, it has been polished from generation to generation based on the centuries-old tradition of master-disciple. It is considered one of the examples of intangible cultural heritage that has been found and enriched. At weddings and parties, it is a contest between two people (it is considered the most complicated form of askiya and it is used among professional askiya) or a specific speech competition held within the framework of the topic. , there is historical information about its formation. According to written historical sources, there is information that askiya was formed and widespread in the 16th-19th centuries.

At the beginning of the 19th century, in the city of Koqan, among the famous wordsmiths Bakir Eshon, Usman Qiziq, Shomat Qiziq, Normat Qiziq, Boymat Qiziq, Rozi Gov, Mulla Hashim, they created a school of imitators, askiyats and enthusiasts. Akhin Boboyev was nicknamed “camel” by his father, and Usman Yusupov was nicknamed “pig”. Skiers should be quick to speak. Even when they were talking to each other, they would ask:

Usman Yusupov, since you were saddened by the clover, father, you ate the sadness of winter, right?” – she asks, pointing to the camel’s nickname. In response, the father scolds her by saying, “Yes, I’ve made a couple of insults, something is coming.” In this way, askiya will appear.

Zainiddin Wasify, who lived and worked in the 16th century, was a popular artist in Herat, and there were dozens of skilled artists such as Mir Sarbarahna, Maulana Burkhani Lang, Kasan Voiz, Muhammad Badahshi, Said Ghiyazidin Sharfa, Maulana Khalil Sahof, among them the most talented. Maulana Abdulwose writes about being a Munshi.

In the first half of the 20th century, Yusufjan Qiziq from Margilon, Jalil bugoq, Sulaiman Qori, Mamajon Zucq, Usman Qori, Mullah Muhammad Buva, Okhunjon Qiziq, Zakir Gov from Kokan, Mirzarakhim Kulak, Niyazboqi Sichkhan, Zahid Burun, Matholiq Askiya, Erka Qori Karimov , Abdullah Fonguz, Saidahmad, and Ismat Askiya from Tashkent were famous askiya players.

Today, there are schools of horse-breeding in the cities of Fergana and Margilan under the leadership of Mamasiddiq Sherayev, in Kokand under the leadership of Jorakhan Polatov and Akromjon Anvarov, in Khanabad of Andijan region, under the leadership of Muhyiddin Sultanov, in Norin district of Namangan region, under the leadership of Gofurjon Mirzayev. In addition, in the cities of Fergana, Margilon, Koqon, Koshtepa, Uchkoprik districts of Fergana region, Karasuv, Khanabad, Asaka cities and Baliqchi district of Andijan region, which are continuously operating (for 4-8 people). there are teams of skiers.

Davronboy’s father had a long nose, and one day he went to the teahouse looking for Jorakhan Polatov. Jorakhan Polatov was sitting in the cafe chatting with his friends. Latov then pointed to his nose and said, “I never thought that we would meet face to face.” Then they laugh hard, and during this laughter, the opponent searches for words and says to his opponent, “Yes, were you here, when I came looking for you, you were snowing on the corner of the roof” – that is, pointing to his nose, which looks like a horn on the corner of the roof. One of the characteristics of askiyats is to quickly find a word to answer this question.

Askiya is considered mainly for men, women are forbidden to say it. But nowadays women’s clothing is also developing. For the first time, one of the women, Muhabbatopa, together with Dzhorakhon Polatov, began to perform their dances on stage.

Jorakhan, one of the brightest representatives of Uzbek askiya art, has been teaching askiya art to students who are hungry for knowledge in UzDSMIMFMF in order to leave the interesting old school spirit to the next generation. A girls’ askiya team has been formed here, and they are teaching not only about askiya, but also Uzbek national tunes and songs, national traditions, i.e. folklore works.

The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Protection and Use of Cultural Heritage Objects” issued by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2010 to preserve, restore, pass on to the next generation, promote and study Askiya art. Confirmed on October 7. In March 2012, documents were presented in Uzbekistan to include the candidate “Askiya” in the Representative List, and at the next meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee held in Paris in 2013, he was nominated as a Representative of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. was included in the list.

From flowers

Looking at the umbrella – “What do you need while you’re going to the market?”

Looking at the bull – “you got caught in a knot because your hand was crooked before.”

Looking at Gilak – “it seems that he didn’t like our conversation, his eyes are looking bad, now he will leave, or…”

Looking at Kal – “his life was so long that he didn’t give money to a lucky hairdresser at this age.”

Looking at the trumpet – “Don’t tell me what I’m saying to you – he’ll make you sound like a trumpet, (looking at the drum) he’ll make you sound like a drum” – without hurting each other’s tongues, without hurting each other’s tongues.

In conclusion, this can be said. Askiya is such a wonderful thing that a person who understands it well will know what is behind this word. That is, there must be half a cup under the cup.

Hasanbayeva is the daughter of Roziyabanu Abdusalam. 19 years old. Fergana Regional Branch of the State Institute of Arts and Culture of Uzbekistan, 2nd stage student of dramatic theater and film acting

References:

1. Intangible cultural heritage and folklore performance art traditions. Study guide.
2. B. Saifullayev, S. Yoldoshyeva, J. Eshonkulova, O. Toshmatova. Nowruz-

2017 edition, pages 117-123.