Abstract: This article provides detailed information about congenital heart defects, congenital heart defects, and how their types occur.
Key words: Heart rate, blood vessels, blood circulation, diseases.
Introduction:  Heart defects are persistent defects, defects and changes in the anatomical structure of the heart; interferes with normal blood flow. A distinction is made between congenital and acquired heart disease. Congenital heart defects occur as a result of incorrect formation of the fetal heart and large vessels of the heart during embryonic development. In the early period of pregnancy, poisoning of the mother’s body, suffering from some diseases, biological effects of ionizing rays, hereditary diseases, etc. cause. In infancy (up to 1 year of age), incomplete development of the cardiovascular system (for example, open arterial passages or incomplete completion of the foramen ovale) is also included in Heart defects.
The main part
The most common types of Congenital Heart Diseases are: various combinations of abnormal pathways between the large and small circulatory circles, as well as narrowed or occluded areas in the large vessels of the heart (eg, pulmonary artery and aorta) or incorrect location of these vessels;Â mixed vices;Â defects related to the number and structure of heart chambers.
Depending on the degree of mixing of arterial and venous blood, some congenital heart defects occur with cyanosis (blue defects) and some without cyanosis (white defects). It depends on the direction in which the blood flows through the inappropriate openings connecting the large and small circulation circles (the direction of the shunt), the level of pressure increase in the pulmonary artery, and the condition of the heart muscles. Physical maldevelopment of the child, paleness or blueness, shortness of breath, changes in the size and position of the heart, heart murmurs, etc. are typical signs of congenital heart defects.
Acquired heart disease is a disease of the heart during life, mostly rheumatic carditis, sometimes atherosclerosis, septic endocarditis, wounds, etc. appears as a result of diseases. Acquired heart defects: non-tight closing of the heart valves (at the time of closing); narrowing (stenosis) of the opening between the ventricles (right and left ventricles) or the outlet of the main vessels; a combination of these defects, a defect in one or more valves, etc. enters. There are mitral (opening between the left ventricle and the ventricle and bicuspid valve), aortic, mitral-aortal and other defects of the heart.
Genetic mutations are caused by the action of three main mutagens:
Physical mutagens are mainly ionizing radiation.
Chemical mutagens – varnishes, phenols of paints, nitrates, benzpyrene in tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, hydantoin, lithium, thalidomide, teratogenic drugs – antibiotics and HTP, NYQP, etc.).
Biological mutagens – mainly the presence of the rubella virus in the mother’s body, which causes congenital rubella in the fetus and the characteristic Gregg’s triad – congenital heart defects, cataracts and deafness;Â Also, the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, phenylketonuria in the mother can also serve as a biological mutagen.
Blue heart defects are called so because they cause cyanosis, where the skin turns bluish-blue due to lack of oxygen in the body. Such malformations include a persistent arterial core, total anomaly of the union of the pulmonary veins, tetrad of Fallot, transposition of the main vessels, as well as congenital stenosis of the tricuspid valve.
Summary
In 2000, the International Nomenclature was developed to create a general classification system for birth defects.
Sufficient conclusions were drawn from the information about heart failure and information about how it occurs was given.
Nuriddinova Zulfiya Salohitdin‘s daughter was born on August 20, 1995 in Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan. His nationality is Uzbek. He knows Uzbek, Russian, English, Turkish, Azerbaijani languages well. He graduated from the 236th general secondary school with excellent marks. In 2010, she graduated from the school and graduated from the 2nd Republic Medical College with a degree in Nursing. From 2013 until now, she has been working as a 1st category nurse at the Center of Specialized Cardiology Scientific and Practical Medicine of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Holder of many international certificates. Uzbekistan is a member of the “National Regeneration Democratic Party”.
